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Knowledge base
Rent,
explained.
How Solana charges for storage, why old accounts hold more SOL than they need, and what you can safely do about it. Short articles that stay true, with the formulas and the primary sources.
01 Rent basics
What is rent on Solana?
Every Solana account holds a small SOL deposit called rent. What it pays for, who pays it, why it is not a fee and how you get it back.
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How the rent-exempt minimum is calculated
One formula decides the deposit of every Solana account: (128 + data length) × lamports per byte. Worked examples and a calculator.
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SIMD-0437: why Solana rent drops 90% in five steps
SIMD-0437 lowers lamports_per_byte from 6,960 to 696. The five steps, the safeguard, and what it means for accounts that already exist.
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02 Token accounts
Token accounts and associated token accounts
Your wallet does not hold tokens itself. Each token sits in its own 165-byte token account, and each one carries a SOL deposit.
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Closing empty token accounts
An empty token account still holds its full rent deposit. How CloseAccount returns it, what cannot be closed and what happens afterwards.
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WithdrawExcessLamports: rent back without closing
The token instruction that moves only the SOL above the rent minimum out of a token account or mint. The account and its tokens stay.
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Dust and spam tokens: burn, sell or keep?
Tiny balances and airdropped spam lock up SOL in their token accounts. When burning is the better deal, and what you should never burn.
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Wrapped SOL (wSOL) explained
Wrapped SOL is SOL inside a token account, so programs can treat it like any other token. How wrapping works and how to unwrap leftovers.
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03 Solana basics
Lamports, SOL and transaction fees
A lamport is a billionth of a SOL. How Solana prices transactions with base and priority fees, and why a rent deposit is not one of them.
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How to check a Solana transaction before you sign
Your wallet’s preview is the last line of defence. What to look for before signing: balance changes, delegates, authority changes and programs.
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